Despite its exploitation label, many critics and scholars argue that Cannibal Holocaust is a powerful piece of social commentary. Ruggero Deodato created the film as a direct response to what he saw as a double standard in media. He recalled watching the news with his young son, who asked to turn it off because the real-life war footage was too violent. This angered him, as he felt journalists were allowed to profit from real death and violence while horror filmmakers were censored for depicting fake violence.

The film opens with Professor Harold Monroe (Robert Kerman), a respected New York University anthropologist, who leads a rescue mission into the Amazon rainforest. He is searching for a missing documentary film crew led by director Alan Yates (Carl Gabriel Yorke). The crew had ventured into the jungle to document indigenous cannibal tribes but disappeared without a trace.

While Cannibal Holocaust is a product of the Italian "cannibal boom" of the 70s and 80s, its influence can be seen in the way modern Indonesian horror creators utilize and mockumentary styles to create a sense of grounded realism, though usually focusing on supernatural themes rather than the "gore-porn" of the original. 4. A Note on Media Consumption